Silica: The Deadly Dust

| |
University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , East Tennessee State University

Summary Statement

A presentation on what silica is and the illnesses that result from exposure. Includes pre and post test and questions and answers.

<< back to Table of Contents

References -- Silica: The Deadly Dust

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Taking an exposure history. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HEC/CSEM/exphistory/index.html

American Thoracic Society. Adverse effects of crystalline silica exposure (Official Statement of the American Thoracic Society). 1997. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:761-765.

Balaan MR and Banks DE. Silicosis. In: Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 3rd Ed, Rom WN, ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven,1998; pp 435-448.

Buchanan D, Miller BG, Soutar CA. 2003. Quantitative relations between exposure to respirable quartz and risk of silicosis. Occup Environ Med;60:159-164.

Calvert GM, Rice FL, Boiana JM, Sheehy JW, Sanderson WT. 2003. Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States. Occup Environ Med;60:122-129.

Calvert GM, Steenland K, Palu S. 1997. End-stage renal disease among silica-exposed gold miners. A new method for assessing incidence among epidemiologic cohorts. JAMA;277:1219-1223.

Caplan A. 1953. Certain unusual radiological appearances in the chest of coal-miners suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Thorax;8:29-35.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1998. Silicosis among young adults-United States 1968-1994. MMWR;47:331-335.

CDC. 1998. Silicosis among young adults-United States 1968-1994. J Am Med Assoc;280:13-15.

CDC. MMWR . 2004. Changing patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality – United States 1968-2000;53(28):627-632.

Cherniak M. The Hawk’s Nest Incident: American’s Worst Industrial Disaster. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

Cowie R. 1994. The epidemiology of tuberculosis in gold miners with silicosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150: 1460-1462.

Cullen MR, Cherniack MG, Rosenstock L. 1990. Occupational medicine. Part I. N Engl J Med 322; 9: 594-601. Part II. N Engl J Med 322; 10: 675-683.

Danning CL, Illei GG, Boumpas DT. 1998. Vasculitis associated with primary rheumatologic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol; 10: 58-65. Review.

Davis GS. Silicosis. In: Occupational Disorders of the Lung. Recognition, Management, and Prevention. Hendrick DJ, Burge SP, Beckett WS, Churg A. London: W.B. Saunders; 2002: pp 105-127.

Fraser RG and Pare JAP. Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest, Vol. II. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1970.

Gibbs AR and Wagner JC. Diseases due to silica. In: Pathology of Occupational Lung Disease, 2nd Ed, Churg A and Green FHY, eds. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998;  pp. 209-233.

Gregorini G, Ferioli A, Donato F, Tira P, Morassi L, Tardanico R, Lancini L, Maiorca R. Association between silica exposure and necrotizing crescentric glomerulonephritis with pANCA and anti-MPO antibodies: A hospital-based case-control study. Adv Exp Med Biol 336:435-440,1993.

Gregorini G, Tira P, Frizza J, D’Haese PC, Elseviers MM, Nuyts G, Maiorca R, Broe ME. ANCA-associated diseases and silica exposure. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 15(1):21-40,1997.

Goldman RH and Peters JM. 1981. The occupational and environmental health history. JAMA 246: 2831-2836.

Hertzberg VS, Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ, Rice CH. 2002. Effect of occupational silica exposure on pulmonary function. Chest;122:721-728.

IARC. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans 1997. Silica; Volume 68.  http://www.iarc.fr/ Accessed 1 September 2004.

Jones RN, Turner-Warwick M, Ziskind M, Weill H. High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in sandblasters’ silicosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 113:393-395, 1976.

Kallengerg C. 1995. Renal disease – another effect of silica exposure. Nephro Dial Transplant; 10:1117-1119.

Klockars M, Koskela RS, Jarvinen E, Kolari PJ, Rossi A. 1987. Silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis: a follow up study of granite workers 1940-81. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed); 294:997-1000.

Koeger A-C, Lang T, Alcaix D, Milleron B, Rozenberg S, Chaibi P, Arnaud J, Mayaud C, Camus J-P, Bourgeois P. 1995. Silica-associated connective tissue disease. Medicine 74(5):221-237.

Lippmann M, Eckert HL, Hahon N, Morgnan VK. 1973. Circulating antinuclear and rheumatoid factors in coal miners: a prevalence study in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Ann Int Med 79:807-811.

Maxfield R, Alo C, Reilly MJ, Rosenman K, Kalinowski D, Stanbury M, Valiante DJ, Jones B, Randolph S, Socie E, Gromen K, Migliozzi A, Willis TM, Schnitzer P, Perrotta DM, Gruetzmacher G, Anderson H, Jajosky RAR, Castellan RM, Game S. 1997. Surveillance for Silicosis, 1993-Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin. MMWR; 46:13-28.

Mayes MD. 1999. Epidemiologic studies of environmental agents and systemic autoimmune diseases. Environ Health Perspect 107(5):743-748.

Miall WE, Caplan A, Cochrane AL, Kilpatrick GS, Oldham PD.1953. An epidemiological study of rheumatoid arthritis associated with characteristic chest x-ray appearances in coal-workers. Br Med J; 4848: 1231-1236.

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). http://www.msha.gov/  Accessed 10 September 2004.

Mullan RJ and Murthy LI. 1991. Occupational sentinel health events: an up-dated list for physician recognition and public health surveillance. Am J Ind Med; 19:775-799.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ALERT. 1992. Preventing silicosis and deaths in rock driller. NIOSH, DHHS(NIOSH) publication no. 92-107.

NIOSH. Worker Health Chartbook, 2000. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2000-127.
Cincinnati, OH.

NIOSH. 2003. Work-related lung disease surveillance report 2003. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 2003-111. Cincinnati, OH.

NIOSH. Silicosis. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/silica/.  Accessed 28 June 2004

NIOSH. Occupational respiratory Disease Surveillance. State-based surveillance.
SENSOR Silicosis.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/StateBasedSurveillance.html

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Special emphasis program for silicosis. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/silica/spec_emph_prog/spec_emph_prog.html.  Accessed 10 September 2004.

OSHA. Silica, crystalline. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/silicacrystalline/index.html. .  Accessed 10 September 2004.

Nowack R, Flores-Suarez LF, and van der Woude FJ. New developments in pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 10:3-11,1998.

Otsuki T, Sakaguchi H, Tomokuni A, Aikoh T, Matsuki T, Kawakami Y, Kusaka M, Ueki H, Kita S, Ueki A. Soluble Fas mRNA is dominantly expressed in cases with silicosis. Immunology 94:258-262,1998.

Parks CG, Conrad K, and Cooper GS. 1999. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and autoimmune disease. Environ Health Perspect 107(5):793-802.

Reilly MJ, Rosenman KD, Watt FC, Stanbury MJ, Valiante DJ, Helmus LE, Migliozzi AA, Anderson HA, Hanrahan L, Jajosky RA, Musgrave KJ, Castellan RM, Ordin DL. 1993. Silicosis surveillance-Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 1987-1990. MMWR; 42:23-28.

Rosenman KD, Pechter E, Schill DP, Valiante DJ, Bresnitz EA, Cummings KR, Socie E, Filios MS. 2004. Silicosis in dental laboratory technicians-Five states, 1994-2000. . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; 53:195-197.

Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ, Henneberger PK. 2003. Estimating the total number of newly
recognized silicosis cases in the United States. Am J Ind Med; 44:141-147.

Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ, Henneberger PK. 2002. Silicosis and end-stage renal disease. Scand J Work Environ Health; 28: 439-442.
Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ, Kalinowski DJ, Watt FC. 1997. Silicosis in the 1990s. Chest;
111:779-786.

Rosenman KD, Hall N.  1996. Occupational risk factors for developing tuberculosis. Am J Ind Med;30:148-154.

Rutstein DD.  1984. The principle of the sentinel health event and its application to the occupational diseases. Arch Environ Health;39:158.

Rutstein DD, Mullan RJ, Frazier TM, Halperin WE, Melius JM, Sestito JP. 1983. Sentinel Health Events (occupational): a basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance. Am J Public Health;73:1054-1062.

Schuman SH, Lawrence JM, Simpson WM. 1997. The occupational and environmental medicine gap in the family medicine curriculum: Needs assessment in South Carolina, Part I. JOEM 39:1183-1185.

Schuman SH, Lawrence JM, Simpson WM. 1997. The occupational and environmental medicine gap in the family medicine curriculum: Five key elements in South Carolina, Part II. JOEM 39:1186-1190.
 
Schuman SH, Lawrence JM, Simpson WM. 1997. A clinical guide to occupational and environmental medicine patient in a busy family practice: The two-task, four-prototype approach in the SC/EHAP initiative, Part III. JOEM 39:1191-1194.

Sherson D, Lander F. 1990. Morbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis among silicotic and nonsilicotic foundry workers in Denmark. J Occup Med;32:110-113.

Sluis-Cremer GK, Hessel PA, Hnizdo E, Churchill AR. 1986. Relationship between silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thorax 41:596-601.

Sluis-Cremer GK, Hessel PA, Nizdo EH, Churchill AR, Zeiss EA. 1985. Silica, silicosis, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Br J Ind Med;42:838-843.

Snider DE. 1978. The relationship between tuberculosis and silicosis. Am Rev Respir Dis;118:455-460.

Steenland N, Thun M, Ferguson C, et al. 1990. Occupational and other exposures associated with male end-stage renal disease: A case control study.  AJPH;80:153-159.

Steenland K, Goldsmith DF. 1995. Silica Exposure and Autoimmune Disease. AJIM; 28:603-608.

Steenland K, Sanderson W, Calvert GM. 2001. Kidney disease and arthritis in a
cohort study of workers exposed to silica. Epidemiology;12:405-412.

Steenland K, Burnett, Lalich, Ward E, Hurrell J. 2003. Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation. AJIM;43:461-482.

Tomokuni A, Otsuki T, Isozaki Y, Kita S, Ueki H, Kusaka M, Kishimoto T, Ueki A. 1999. Serum levels of soluble Fas ligand I patients with silicosis. Clin Exp Immunol; 118:441-444.

Tomokuni A, Aikoh T, Matsuki T, Isozaki Y, Otsuki T, Kita S, Ueki H, Kusaka M, Kishimoto T, Ueki A. 1997. Elevated soluble Fas/APO-1 (CD95) levels in silicosis patients without clinical symptoms of autoimmune diseases or malignant tumors.

Clin Exp Immunol;110:303-309.

Tyson PA, Stauffer JL, Mauger EA, Caulfield JE, Conrad DW, Stricklin KG. 2000. Silicosis screening in surface coal miners-Pennsylvania, 1996-1997. MMWR;49:612-15.

US Department of the Interior. US Bureau of Mines. Staff, Branch of Industrial Minerals. Crystalline Silica Primer.
http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silica/780292.pdf 
Accessed 1 September 2004.

Weber and Banks. Silicosis.  In: Textbook of Clinical Occupational &
Environmental Medicine. Rosenstock & Cullen, eds, St. Louis: W.B.Saunders Co., 1994; pp 264 - 274.

<< back to Table of Contents