Cold Training Guide
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Cold - LOHP
The Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP) at UC Berkeley developed toolbox talks and forms for 28 subject areas. You can access the introduction and reference sections in the "More like this" area and the other subjects by searching on 'LOHP'.
Documents
Summary Statement
Training on the impact of hypothermia on the body, ways to recognize the issue and prevention – includes questions for discussion and a sign-off form. Part of a collection. Click on the 'collection' button to access the other items.
1994
These tailgate/toolbox talks were developed for use under California OSHA regulations. The complete set is available from the Labor Occupational Health Program at UC Berkeley. For ordering information, visit the website (www.lohp.org) The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has adapted these talks to apply to federal OSHA regulations. To contact ACGIH, visit its web site (www.acgih.org). |
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Before you begin
the meeting...
- Does this topic relate to the work the crew is doing? If not, choose another topic.
- Did you read
this Training Guide and fill in the blanks where the
appears? (To find the information you need, look over the Safety Walkaround Checklist for this topic.)
Begin: Have
you ever heard of the wind chill factor? On a TV news report about
a blizzard, you might hear that the wind chill factor was 40° below
zero. The temperature itself wasn’t that low, but to know how cold
it felt you have to figure in the wind. It’s important to
know that you can get frostbite or hypothermia at temperatures as warm
as 28° F, depending on the wind chill factor.
The effects of cold on your body range all the way from numbness, to the
loss of a hand or foot, to hypothermia and even death. But there are many
effective precautions we can take to make sure you work safely in the
cold.
You or a crew member may want to add a personal story about cold.
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Next, discuss with the crew when and where working in the cold could be a problem at this particular job site: _________________________________________________ |
ASK
THE CREW THESE QUESTIONS:
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After each question, give the crew time to suggest possible answers. Use the information following each question to add points that no one mentions.
1. When and where
might you be exposed to extremely cold temperatures in
construction work?
- Outdoors on a
cold day
- In a refrigerated
room
- In an unheated
building
- During a vehicle
breakdown
- When working
in cold water
- When handling cold objects or materials.
2. What are some
effects of cold on your body?
- Dehydration. You can get dehydration from cold as easily as you can from heat.
- Numbness. It’s usually in your extremities—fingers, toes, ears, nose tip, and cheeks.
- Shivering. This is the body’s way of trying to warm up.
- Frostbite. Parts of your body freeze, especially your extremities. The first warning sign may be a sharp, prickly sensation—but if the affected body parts are already numb, you won’t feel anything so there won’t be any warning. Your skin may turn another color (red, white, gray, purple, or black, depending on the severity). Skin can also peel off. You can get a permanent injury, like loss of a body part.
- Immersion foot (trenchfoot). This is damage you get if your skin is exposed to cold and dampness too long. The skin doesn’t actually freeze, but you can get swelling, tingling, itching, loss of skin, or skin ulcers.
- Hypothermia. This is the most serious effect of cold. Your body can’t maintain its normal temperature (98.6° F). Symptoms include low body temperature, violent shivering, slow or slurred speech, drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, a weak and irregular pulse, or even unconsciousness. If not treated right away, you can die.
3. What’s
the best first aid treatment for frostbite?
- Cover the skin with warm hands until numbness stops and you start to feel pain.
- Place bare frostbitten fingers under your armpits, next to the skin.
- Place bare frostbitten feet under the clothing of a co-worker, next to the skin.
- Or wrap affected body parts in a warm, dry towel, cloth, or blanket.
- Never
treat frostbite by:
- Vigorous massaging. (It can bruise frozen skin.)
- Exposing to flame or fire. (It can thaw frozen skin too quickly and cause burns.)
- Rubbing with
snow. (It can reduce skin temperature and make frostbite worse.)
- Get medical attention as soon as you can, especially if feeling doesn’t come back.
4. What should
you do if someone has hypothermia?
- Get medical
attention immediately.
- Call 911
to get an ambulance if needed.
- Keep the
person warm.
- Don’t
massage the person’s extremities.
- Don’t give the person hot liquids. They won’t help much in this case.
5. Some people
are more likely than others to suffer from the effects of cold. Why?
- You have a higher
risk from cold if:
- You are not
physically fit.
- You have
a chronic illness, especially one affecting your heart or
blood vessels.
- You drink
alcohol or take drugs (either illegal drugs or prescription
drugs).
- You are wet
or damp from work or weather.
- You are fatigued.
- You are exposed
to vibration from tools or other operations on the job.
- You don’t
wear the right clothing.
- You are not used to working in cold. The more you work in cold, the more your body gets used to it. This is called becoming acclimatized to cold.
- You are not
physically fit.
6. What kind of
clothing protects you best from cold?
- Many layers
of loose clothing are best.
- Wear only dry
clothing. Change clothes if they get wet or sweaty.
- Don’t
wear a waterproof shell if you’re sweating. It won’t let
inner moisture
evaporate. You’ll soak in sweat. In the rain, wear a water repellent
shell instead.
- Wear a full
head covering. You can lose a lot of body heat through a bare head.
- Wear mittens
or gloves. Below 0° F, mittens are better. Machine controls
in cold
areas should be a type you can use with mittens on.
- Wear waterproof boots (or rubber overboots) if it’s both cold and wet.
- In addition to
providing this training, the company will: (Mention all that
apply)
- Control
temperature and wind when possible by using heaters and windbreaks.
- Rotate
workers in cold jobs so no one is exposed too long.
- Keep first
aid supplies and equipment available.
- Control
temperature and wind when possible by using heaters and windbreaks.
- Workers
should:
- Drink
warm liquids—but not too much coffee. Soup and broth are
better.
- Take your breaks in a warm area (like a heated shed, trailer, or van).
- Drink
warm liquids—but not too much coffee. Soup and broth are
better.
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Point out where warm liquids and warm break areas are available on this site: _________________________________________________ |
- Eat a high
calorie diet for reserve energy.
- Cover all
skin when it’s extremely cold.
- Never touch
cold metal with your bare skin.
- Keep your hair
short. Long hair and beards get icy and also hide signs of frostbite.
- Stay physically
fit.
- Limit your use of alcohol. Ask your doctor about prescription drugs you’re taking.
8. How can we
be sure no one on the site is getting affected by the cold too much?
- Watch for
frostbite. See if your fingers, toes, ears, or nose have numb or
hard areas.
- Use the buddy
system. Watch your coworker for signs of frostbite or hypothermia.
- Know what
to do if you or your coworker show any symptoms.
- Notify your supervisor and stop work if you notice any major symptoms.
CAL/OSHA REGULATIONS
Explain:
The safety measures we’ve talked about are included in our company’s
Injury and
Illness Prevention Program (IIPP), as required by Cal/OSHA. At this time,
there are no
specific Cal/OSHA regulations on exposure to cold. I have a Checklist
of recommended safety
measures. If you’d like to know more, see me after the meeting.
COMPANY RULES
(Only if applicable.)
We have some additional company rules about working in the cold.
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Discuss company rules:_______________________________ __________________________________________________ |
COMMENTS FROM THE CREW
Ask:
Do you have any
other concerns about exposure to cold on the job? Do you see any problems
on our job? (Let the steward answer first, if there is one.)
What about other jobs you’ve worked on? Have you had any experience
with cold temperatures that might help us work safer on this job?
GENERAL
SAFETY DISCUSSION
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This is a time to discuss all safety concerns, not just today's topic. Keep your notes on this page before, during and after the safety meeting.
Are you aware of any hazards from other crews? Point out any hazards other crews are creating that this crew should know about. Tell the crew what you intend to do about those hazards.
Do we have any old business? Discuss past issues/problems. Report progress of investigations and action taken.
Any new business? Any accidents/near misses/complaints? Discuss accidents, near misses, and complaints that have happened since the last safety meting. Also recognize the safety contributions made by members of the crew.
Please remember, we want to hear from you about any health and safety issues that come up. If we don't know about problems, we can't take action to fix them.
To complete the training session:
- Circulate Sign-Off
Form.
- Assign one
or more crew member(s) to help with next safety meeting.
- Refer action items for follow-up. (Use the sample Hazard Report Form in the Reference Section of this binder, or your company’s own form.)
Sign Off Form
COLD
Date Prepared:_________________________ | By:_______________________ |
Project Name/No.______________________ | Location:__________________ |
NAMES
OF THOSE WHO ATTENDED THIS SAFETY MEETING
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Printed
Name
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Signature
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