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The resource includes a brief case example,... 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The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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/document/4426/d001656/Construction%2BDive%2B--%2BDeWalt%2527s%2BJobsite%2BPro%2Bheadphones%2Brecalled%2Bfor%2Bfire%2Bhazards.html [item:protected] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => Array ( [16] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 16 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Fire & Explosions [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [44] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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INTRODUCCION
Este Manual es para Trabajadores de la Construcción
Voces del Lugar de Trabajo
PROBLEMAS DE SALUD EN EL TRABAJO
¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la Construcción Afectar su Salud?
¿Cómo Puedo Saber si el Trabajo de Construcción en el que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Tabla de Peligros en la Construcción
Los Químicos en el Humo del Tabaco
Datos Sobre el Humo de Segunda Mano
Las Probabilidades Cotra la Salud de los Fumadores
La Combinación del Humo del Tabaco y Otros Tóxicos en el Lugar de Trabajo
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas en el Sitio de Construcción
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Guías para Tomar Acción
Su Derecho a Trabajar en un Lugar Seguro
¿Qué Pasa si Alguien Fuma Adentro del Lugar de Trabajo?
Cómo Usar Cal/OSHA
Su Derecho a Enterarse Sobre los Tóxicos Presentes en su Trabajo
Cómo leer las Hojas de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales – Material Safety Data Sheets (MDSD’s)
DONDE OBTENER INFORMACION Y AYUDA
INTRODUCCION
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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[transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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Disasters [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [91] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 91 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Heavy & Highway [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [90] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 90 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Industrial [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [49] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 49 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [50] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 50 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Carpet Layer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [51] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 51 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Cement Mason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [52] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 52 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Commercial Diver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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59 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Hazardous Waste Cleanup [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [60] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 60 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => HVAC [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [61] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 61 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Interior Systems Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [64] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 64 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Laborer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [65] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 65 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Landscaper [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => 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Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 70 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Operating Engineer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [71] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 71 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Painter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [72] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => 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[type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Pile Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [75] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 75 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plasterer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [76] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 76 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plumber/Pipefitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [77] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 77 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Refractory Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [63] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 63 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Reinforcing Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [78] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 78 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Roofer/Waterproofer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [79] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 79 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Scaffold Erector [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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=> Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 82 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Stonemason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [62] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 62 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Structural Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [83] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => 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[type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Truck Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [86] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 86 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Welder [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [87] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 87 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Commercial & 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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[A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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This photo is from an early morning toolbox talk on a construction job in Mclean, Virginia. It is being delivered in English and Spanish. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[disclaimer:protected] =>
© 2002 — State of California, Department of Health Services.
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The resource... 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[type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Toolbox Talk: Challenges Preventing Falling Objects [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => dropped objects, falling objects, struck by incidents, struck by fatalities [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => The CPWR Toolbox Talk on Challenges Preventing Falling Objects addresses the hazards of being struck by falling objects on the job site. The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [49] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 49 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [50] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 50 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Carpet Layer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [51] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 51 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Cement Mason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [52] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 52 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Commercial Diver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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59 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Hazardous Waste Cleanup [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [60] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 60 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => HVAC [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [61] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 61 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Interior Systems Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [64] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 64 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Laborer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [65] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 65 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Landscaper [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => 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Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 70 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Operating Engineer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [71] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 71 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Painter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [72] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => 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[type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Pile Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [75] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 75 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plasterer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [76] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 76 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plumber/Pipefitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [77] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 77 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Refractory Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [63] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 63 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Reinforcing Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [78] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 78 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Roofer/Waterproofer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [79] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 79 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Scaffold Erector [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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=> Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 82 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Stonemason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [62] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 62 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Structural Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [83] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => 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[type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Truck Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [86] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 86 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Welder [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [87] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 87 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Commercial & 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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[comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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This photo is from an early morning toolbox talk on a construction job in Mclean, Virginia. It is being delivered in English and Spanish. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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[A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [68] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 68 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Maintenance Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [69] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 69 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Millwright [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [70] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 70 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Operating Engineer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [71] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 71 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Painter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [72] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 72 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Paper Hanger [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [73] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 73 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => PCC/Restoration [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [74] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 74 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Pile Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [75] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 75 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plasterer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [76] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 76 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plumber/Pipefitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [77] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 77 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Refractory Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [63] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 63 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Reinforcing Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [78] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 78 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Roofer/Waterproofer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [79] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 79 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Scaffold Erector [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [80] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 80 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sheetmetal Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [81] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 81 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sprinkler Fitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [82] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 82 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Stonemason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [62] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 62 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Structural Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [83] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 83 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Terrazzo Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [84] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 84 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Tile Setter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [85] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 85 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Truck Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [86] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 86 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Welder [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [87] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 87 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Commercial & 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[validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [91] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 91 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Heavy & Highway [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [90] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 90 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Industrial [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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[languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 20 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Safety Culture [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [46] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 46 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Boilermaker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [47] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => 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[alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [55] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 55 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Electrical Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [58] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 58 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Glazier [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [60] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 60 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => HVAC [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [61] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 61 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Interior Systems Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[disclaimer:protected] =>
© 2002 — State of California, Department of Health Services.
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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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( ) ) ) [categories_initialized:protected] => 1 [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 3995 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => i002690 [type:protected] => image [display_type:protected] => Image [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Bruce Lippy [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction bracing [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Bracing, support, scaffold [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => This shows structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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The resource includes a brief case example,... 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The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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/document/4426/d001656/Construction%2BDive%2B--%2BDeWalt%2527s%2BJobsite%2BPro%2Bheadphones%2Brecalled%2Bfor%2Bfire%2Bhazards.html [item:protected] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => Array ( [16] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 16 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Fire & Explosions [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [44] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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[A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [68] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 68 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Maintenance Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [69] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 69 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Millwright [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [70] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 70 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Operating Engineer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [71] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 71 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Painter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [72] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 72 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Paper Hanger [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [73] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 73 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => PCC/Restoration [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [74] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 74 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Pile Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [75] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 75 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plasterer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [76] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 76 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plumber/Pipefitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [77] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 77 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Refractory Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [63] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 63 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Reinforcing Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [78] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 78 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Roofer/Waterproofer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [79] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 79 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Scaffold Erector [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [80] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 80 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sheetmetal Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [81] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 81 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sprinkler Fitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [82] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 82 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Stonemason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [62] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 62 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Structural Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [83] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 83 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Terrazzo Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [84] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 84 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Tile Setter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [85] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 85 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Truck Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [86] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 86 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Welder [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [87] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 87 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Commercial & 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[validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [91] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 91 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Heavy & Highway [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [90] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 90 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Industrial [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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[languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 20 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Safety Culture [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [46] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 46 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Boilermaker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [47] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => 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[alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [55] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 55 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Electrical Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [58] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 58 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Glazier [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [60] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 60 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => HVAC [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [61] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 61 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Interior Systems Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[disclaimer:protected] =>
© 2002 — State of California, Department of Health Services.
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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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( ) ) ) [categories_initialized:protected] => 1 [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 3995 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => i002690 [type:protected] => image [display_type:protected] => Image [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Bruce Lippy [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction bracing [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Bracing, support, scaffold [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => This shows structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
---|---|
La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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The resource includes a brief case example,... 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The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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/document/4426/d001656/Construction%2BDive%2B--%2BDeWalt%2527s%2BJobsite%2BPro%2Bheadphones%2Brecalled%2Bfor%2Bfire%2Bhazards.html [item:protected] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => Array ( [16] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 16 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Fire & Explosions [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [44] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. 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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
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ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
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Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
![]() |
“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
---|
Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
![]() |
Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
![]() |
Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
![]() |
![]() |
Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
![]() |
![]() |
Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
![]() |
Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
![]() |
Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
![]() |
Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
![]() |
Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
![]() |
![]() |
Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
![]() |
![]() |
Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
![]() |
Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
![]() |
![]() |
Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
![]() |
Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
![]() |
“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
---|
![]() |
“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
---|
![]() |
“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
---|
Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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[A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
---|---|
ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
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POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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associated with using fixed ladders. The resource includes a brief case example, steps to prevent a related injury and questions for discussion. It includes an image that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource... 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a group workers observing a scaffold free of debris during high winds, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The resource includes a brief example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates a worker inspecting a Tower Crane before operation, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The res... 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The resource includes a case example, steps to prevent a related injury, and questions for discussion. It includes a graphic that illustrates the hazard, which can be posted in a central location as a reminder of steps to work safely. Available in English and Spanish. 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The recall is a result of... 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[_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [68] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 68 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Maintenance Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [69] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 69 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Millwright [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [70] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 70 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Operating Engineer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [71] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 71 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Painter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [72] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 72 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Paper Hanger [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [73] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 73 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => PCC/Restoration [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [74] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 74 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Pile Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [75] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 75 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plasterer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [76] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 76 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Plumber/Pipefitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [77] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 77 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Refractory Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [63] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 63 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Reinforcing Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [78] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 78 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Roofer/Waterproofer [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [79] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 79 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Scaffold Erector [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [80] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 80 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sheetmetal Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [81] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 81 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Sprinkler Fitter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [82] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 82 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Stonemason [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [62] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 62 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Structural Ironworker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [83] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 83 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Terrazzo Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [84] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 84 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Tile Setter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [85] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 85 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Truck Driver [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [86] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 86 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Welder [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [87] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 87 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Commercial & 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[validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [91] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 91 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Heavy & Highway [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [90] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 90 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 3 [label:protected] => Industrial [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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[files:protected] => [language:protected] => Language Object ( [id:protected] => 1 [code:protected] => en [name:protected] => English [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 4426 [old_id:protected] => [elcosh_id:protected] => d001656 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => 0 [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Mike Aguilar [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Construction Dive -- DeWalt's Jobsite Pro headphones recalled for fire hazards [total_pages:protected] => 1 [billed_pages:protected] => 1 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => DeWalt, Fire Hazards, recall, headphones [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => A recall notice by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission affects over 300,000 DeWalt Jobsite Pro Headphones. The recall is a result of a malfunction that can cause earbuds to overheat while charging or during use, leading to fire and burn hazards. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => https://www.constructiondive.com/news/dewalts-jobsite-pro-headphones-recalled-for-fire-hazards/611248/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202021-12-10%20Construction%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:38532%5D&utm_term=Construction%20Dive [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_completed:protected] => 12/13/21 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 12/13/21 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [new_images] => Array ( [0] => Search_Result Object ( [title] => Safety officer discussing ongoing project with marketing coordinator [image] => /record/images/4014-p.jpg [blurb] => The safety officer (left) points out the good safety practices on this project that reflect well on the firm and may influence future clients.... 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[languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 20 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 7 [label:protected] => Safety Culture [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [46] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 46 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Boilermaker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [47] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => 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[alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [55] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 55 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Electrical Worker [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [58] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 58 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Glazier [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [60] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 60 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => HVAC [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [61] => Category Object ( [languages:protected] => [bok_resources:protected] => [bok_topics:protected] => [bok_keywords:protected] => [id:protected] => 61 [type:protected] => category [parent:protected] => 2 [label:protected] => Interior Systems Carpenter [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => 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It is being delivered in English and Spanish.... 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structural support that prevents collapses during construction. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/masonry/solution/8/adjustable-tower-scaffold.html [more_like_this:protected] => i002660 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => jpg [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => Photo by Pam Susi [img_practice:protected] => good [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => January 2016 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_completed:protected] => 02/01/16 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 02/01/16 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [preview_mode] => [description] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [keywords] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [related_items] => Array ( ) [collections] => Array ( [45] => ) [record] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => Array ( ) [organizations:protected] => Array ( [44] => Organization Object ( [id:protected] => 44 [elcosh_id:protected] => o000068 [user_id:protected] => 2 [province_id:protected] => 5 [country_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT- Building Trades Unions Ignite Less Tobacco [address:protected] => 921 11th Street Suite 110 [postal_code:protected] => 95814 [city:protected] => Sacramento [department:protected] => State Building and Construction Trades Council of California [phone:protected] => 916-442-8368 [fax:protected] => [email:protected] => built@sbctc.org [website:protected] => [filename:protected] => o000068.jpg [about:protected] => [comments:protected] => [logo_available:protected] => F [no_details:protected] => F [date_received:protected] => 2002-01-16 [date_completed:protected] => 2002-01-17 [date_billed:protected] => 2002-02-05 [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) ) [collections:protected] => Array ( [45] => ) [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => Array ( [1442] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1442 [old_id:protected] => 76 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000060 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Smoking Cessation in a Blue-Collar Population: Results From and Evidence-Based Pilot Program [total_pages:protected] => 2 [billed_pages:protected] => 2 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, smoking, cessation [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Abstract of a study of multiemployer health plan participants demonstrates effectiveness of smoking cessation plans within this population. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000486, d000289, d000059 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 2002 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 02/07/03 [date_completed:protected] => 02/27/03 [date_billed:protected] => 03/03/03 [date_modified:protected] => 05/09/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [2156] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 2156 [old_id:protected] => 126 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000130 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML w/ PDF [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma During Prospective Surveillance of 1249 Asbestos Insulation Workers, 1963-1974 [total_pages:protected] => 0 [billed_pages:protected] => 0 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => hazard, chemical, asbestos, asbestos, illness, cancer, lung, cancer, mesothelioma, digestive, respiratory, asbestos, insulation, Selikoff, mesothelioma, data, New York [comments:protected] => We would also appreciate your posting the following information along with the excerpts (with active links, if possible): These materials are provided with the permission of the New York Academy of Sciences (www.nyas.org). Copies of the complete article may be ordered directly from the Academy (email to: publications@nyas.org) or through Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.org). Copies of Volume 271 also are available through on-demand printing, and may be ordered directly from the Academy. -Barbara Goldman was the permission Grantor [summary:protected] => Abstract of a 1976 study of lung cancer and mesothelioma in a population of union insulators in New York. [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000014,d000028,d000222 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => 1976 [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => 02/23/00 [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 04/25/00 [date_completed:protected] => 05/04/00 [date_billed:protected] => 06/06/00 [date_modified:protected] => 06/28/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [1440] => DocumentRecord Object ( [records:protected] => Array ( ) [recordId:protected] => [searchWordClass:protected] => [searchWordPeerClass:protected] => [bok_record:protected] => [authors:protected] => [organizations:protected] => [collections:protected] => [categories:protected] => [categories_initialized:protected] => [mapped_items:protected] => [content:protected] => [files:protected] => [language:protected] => [old_record:protected] => [id:protected] => 1440 [old_id:protected] => 74 [elcosh_id:protected] => d000058 [type:protected] => document [display_type:protected] => HTML only (and links) [user_id:protected] => [language_id:protected] => 1 [tagging_id:protected] => Clayton Sinyai [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => NIOSH Update: New Leads for Lung Disease Prevention Offered in NIOSH Study That Charts Areas of High Prevalence [total_pages:protected] => 3 [billed_pages:protected] => 3 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Occupation, construction, safety, health, hazards, work, worker, workplace, COPD, risk, data, lung, NHNES, research [comments:protected] => Please have a direct title link to d000059. [summary:protected] => Summary of results from a 2002 NIOSH study showing that employees in construction, agriculture and certain manufacturing sectors are at elevated risk of COPD, attributed to workplace hazard exposures. 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sharon and sharretta [priority_id:protected] => 1 [title:protected] => BUILT: Tóxicos & Tabaco en el trabajo - protegiendo su salud: Guia para trabajadores de construcción [total_pages:protected] => 61 [billed_pages:protected] => 61 [publication_number:protected] => [part_of:protected] => [keywords:protected] => Spanish boilerplate + fumar, manual, lung, cancer, respirator, tabaco, toxicos, quimicos, lista de chequeo, derechos, capacitacion [comments:protected] => [summary:protected] => Un folleto con información en profundidad de trabajadores de la construcción sobre los peligros de fumar, la interacción entre los peligros respiratorios y el tabaquismo y el impacto en la salud. [A booklet with in-depth information for construction workers about the hazards of smoking, the interaction between other respiratory hazards and smoking and the impact on health.] [transition_comments:protected] => [external_link:protected] => [consol_link:protected] => [more_like_this:protected] => d000060,d000130,d000058 [permission_given_by:protected] => [published:protected] => T [billable:protected] => F [img_name:protected] => [img_ext:protected] => [img_width:protected] => [img_height:protected] => [img_credit:protected] => [img_practice:protected] => [vid_source_id:protected] => [vid_running_time:protected] => [vid_intended_audience:protected] => [vid_acquisition_info:protected] => [vid_cost:protected] => [vid_producer:protected] => [vid_filename:protected] => [vid_filename_downloadable:protected] => [date_summary:protected] => [date_permission_requested:protected] => [date_permission_received:protected] => [date_review_needed:protected] => [date_received:protected] => 01/13/06 [date_completed:protected] => 01/31/06 [date_billed:protected] => [date_modified:protected] => 08/10/12 [collBokExports:protected] => [lastBokExportCriteria:BaseElcoshItem:private] => [alreadyInSave:protected] => [alreadyInValidation:protected] => [validationFailures:protected] => Array ( ) [_new:BaseObject:private] => [_deleted:BaseObject:private] => [modifiedColumns:protected] => Array ( ) ) [show_text] => [document_content] => ElcoshItemDocumentContent Object ( [id:protected] => 2673 [item_id:protected] => 2211 [type:protected] => main [title:protected] => d000756 [content:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
[content_transformed:protected] =>
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“Lo que me gusta de la construcción es trabajar afuera y usar mis manos. Puedo manejar por la ciudad y decir, ‘Hey, ese edificio lo construí yo.’ La construcción es un trabajo peligroso. Desde 1991, en nuestro Sindicato, por lo menos 12 personas perdieron la vida. Entras a una obra y no sabes lo que estás respirando, y no sabes quien trabaja con qué [productos tóxicos].” |
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“El usar equipo de seguridad me hace mas lento. Asi que núnca uso mascara ni respirador a menos que el olor sea demasiado malo.” |
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“Mientras respire todas estas cosas toxicas, me estoy envenenando. Para que preocuparme del humo del tabaco?” |
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“Si vas a contraer el cáncer, lo vas a contraer sin importar lo que hagas.” |
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Al fumar, las probabilidades de morir de un cáncer del pulmón son
cinco veces mas altas que las de alguien que no fuma.
Muchos pueden recordar a alguien que nunca trabajó con
químicos cancerosos, que nunca fumó, pero que de todos
modos murió de cáncer. También conocemos a fumadores
que viven una vida larga. Estos casos son la excepción ya que
el Cirujano General ha comprobado que el fumar causa el
83% de todo cáncer del pulmón y cerca del 30% de otros
tipos de cáncer.
El riesgo de contraer un cáncer se multiplica drasticamente al
exponerse a químicos cancerosos en el trabajo y por medio del
tabaco.
Otros químicos (aparte de los contenidos en los cigarrillos)
también aumentan su riesgo de desarrollar cancer. Sin duda, las
muertes de miles de trabajadores causadas por cáncer se pudieran
prevenir al reducir la exposicion de estos al asbesto, nikel, chromium,
y otras substancias toxicas.
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“El fumar hace mas fatal la exposicion a químicos en el trabajo.” |
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El fumar o inhalar el humo del tabaco aumenta los riesgos de otros químicos toxicos por varias razones.
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“Cuando me di cuenta, había una gran nube a mi alrededor. De repente, nadie podía respirar. No se que clase de limpiador era, pero era algo nuevo. Nos ahogo de inmediato. El jefe y el gerente estaban ahí, y ninguno dijo nada.” |
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¿Cómo Puede el Trabajo en la construcción
Afectar su Salud?
No siempre es fácil reconocer cuando los problemas de salud están
relacionados con su trabajo. No ignore el dolor de cabeza, los resfríos
frecuentes, la tos, mareos, problemas de la piel, u otros síntomas que
Ud. crea que podrían estar relacionados con su trabajo. Pudieran ser
causados por químicos u otras condiciones en el trabajo.
CABEZA
Mareos, dolor de cabeza.
Causas comunes: Solventes, ozono, ruidos, tensión en los ojos, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco).
OJOS
Rojos, llorosos, irritados.
Causas comunes: Cemento, polvo de madera, fibra de vidrio, humos de soldar, humo en general (incluyendo el de tabaco).
NARIZ Y GARGANTA
Estornudos, tos, irritación de la garganta.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, solventes, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco)
PECHO Y PULMONES
Silbido al respirar, tos, falta de aliento, cáncer del pulmón.
Causas comunes: Cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera, humo de soldadura, humo (incluyendo el de tabaco), solventes
PIEL
Rojiza, sequedad, ronchas, picazón, cáncer de la piel.
Causas comunes: Solventes, cemento, fibra de vidrio, polvo de madera.
ESTOMAGO
Nausea, vómitos, dolor de estomago.
Causas comunes: Un poco de polvo de madera, solventes, exposición a plomo a largo plazo, estrés en el trabajo.
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Nerviosismo, irritabilidad, insomnio, temblores.
Causas comunes: Exposición a solventes y/o plomo a largo plazo, estrés de trabajo.
SISTEMA REPRODUCTIVO
En los hombres: cuenta baja o daño a los espermatozoides. En las mujeres: menstruación
irregular, aborto involuntario, daño al óvulo o al feto.
Causas comunes: Plomo, tolueno, algunos otros solventes.
¿Cómo Puedo Saber Si el Trabajo de
Construcción en el Que Trabajo es Peligroso?
Para averiguar cuales son los peligros particulares de su
trabajo en la construcción, responda a las siguientes
preguntas y la gráfica que aparece en las próximas paginas.
La gráfica también sugiere métodos de control
que pueden tomarse para proteger a los trabajadores.
Polvos | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
ASBESTOS | Trabajo de Mantenimiento y demolición; pelar techos “roof tear-offs.” Construcción: ladrillos para piso, materiales para techos “roofing,” compuestos para paredes drywall,” “gaskets,” materiales de empaque, aislamientos eléctricos, capas de resistencia anticorrosiva, materiales resistentes al calor, tubos y coberturas de cemento asbesto. | Corto plazo: Irritación de los
pulmónes (con niveles extremos
altos). Largo-plazo: Asbestosis (cicatrización de los pulmónes); cáncer del pulmón, estomago y sistema intestinal. Trabajadores de Asbestos que fuman enfrentan un riesgo 10 veces mayor que los que no fuman. |
SILICA | Mantenimiento; remodelación; trabajo de demolición; aplicación de capas resistentes al fuego; “sandblasting; tunneling.” | Largo-plazo: Serio, enfermedad de los pulmónes incurable (silicosis). |
CEMENTO | Construcción y demolición de fundaciones [cimientos], aceras peatonales y piso. | Corto plazo: Ojos, nariz, piel e
irritación de los pulmónes.
Causa irritación de la piel e
infecciones. Reacciones alérgicas
en la piel. Largo-plazo: Disfuncionalidad de los pulmónes leve, ruido al respirar, falta de aire. |
ASERRIN “WOOD DUST” |
Construcción, remodelación y demolición. Serrar madera, “plywood,” madera comprimida. | Corto plazo: Reacción alérgica
en la piel, asma, irritación nasal,
irritación de la piel y ojos. Largo-plazo: Cáncer nasal. |
FIBRA DE VIDRIO Y OTROS MATERIALES DE INSULACION |
Insolación de tubería, otros tipos de insolación, trabajo en sistemas de aire acondicionado. | Corto plazo: Irritación de la piel, ojos, nariz y garganta; falta de aire. Largo-plazo: Puede causar cáncer del pulmón. |
CONTROLES PARA EL POLVO |
|
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ASBESTOS |
Trabajos de remoción de asbestos deben ser echas solo
por contratistas con licencia. Aísle el área donde está el asbesto y provea ventilación mecánica o aparato para colectar polvo. Mantenga el material húmedo mientras lo remueve. Vista ropa especial de protección y máscaras respiratorias adecuadas. Quítese la ropa y báñese antes de salir del área aislada. Coloque rótulos y etiquetas de advertencia. Fumar debería ser prohibido |
OTROS POLVOS |
Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento
obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
METALES Polvos & Humos |
Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
CADMIUM,
(CADMIO)
CHROMIUM,
(CROMO)
COPPER,
(COBRE)
ZINC, MAGNESIUM (MAGNESIO) |
Soldadura; taladrar, cortar y usar la sierra en tubería; raspado de óxido o capas. | Corto-plazo: Los polvos de
metal pueden irritar la piel,
nariz, ojos y pulmónes. Los
efectos de los humos difieren dependiendo del
metal (ver MSDS). Algunos
metales (tales como el zinc,
cobre, y magnesio) causan la
llamada fiebre del humo
metálico, o “fume fever”
(síntomas parecidos al catarro
con fiebre, nausea, calofríos
y dolores musculares y
dolencias). Largo-plazo: Dependiendo del metal (ver MSDS). “Cadmium” y “chromium” pueden causar cáncer. |
LEAD (PLOMO) | Adherir cables, demolición, remodelación, pintura, colocar tubería, plomería, techos (roofing), hojalatería, herrería, soldadura de plomo o sobre superficies pintadas con pintura o selladores conplomo; empalmes en las tuberías de bronce pueden soltar plomo. | Corto-plazo: Los efectos
son muy raros. Si la exposición
es alta, se presentan
síntomas similares a los
efectos de largo plazo. Largo-plazo: Daño al cerebro y los nervios (temblores, debilidad muscular, falta de coordinación), daño al sistema reproductivo (hombres y mujeres), problemas del estomago, anemia, daño a los riñones. |
CONTROLES PARA METALES | |
---|---|
POLVOS DE METAL | Use el respirador correcto si hay un requerimiento obligatorio (y no una mascarilla de papel). Aspire o limpie las superficies usando un trampeador o trapos húmedos. (Evite barrer o soplar el polvo al limpiar las superficies). Mantenga los materiales de trabajo húmedos donde sea posible, cuando lije, raspe, o serruche, etc. No beber comer, o fumar en el área de trabajo. Lavarse las manos antes de comer y antes de los descansos. Cámbiese la ropa, y cuando sea posible, báñese antes de ir a casa. Utilice ventilación mecánica local si no está trabajando en un área abierta. Aislar las operaciones polvorientas tales como serruchar y lijar, para reducir el riesgo para los trabajadores. |
HUMOS METALICOS | Evite soldar sobre metales o capas tóxicas; cepille o raspe
las capas antes. La ventilación natural a menudo es adecuada es áreas abiertas. Posicionese de tal forma que los humos no vuelen sobre su cara. Use ventilación mecánica en áreas interiores o espacios confinados. Use el respirador correcto cuando no haya ventilación u otros controles posibles. Plomo: Báñese y cambie su ropa para evitar llevar el plomo a su hogar y su familia. |
SOLVENTES | Peligros Speciales | Origen |
---|---|---|
BENZENE | Causa leucemia. | Estos se pueden
encontrar en: Barnices (“Varnishes”) Acabados (“Finishes”) Selladores de madera (“Wood sealers”) Thinners Pinturas (“Paints”) Adhesivos, pegamentos (“Adhesives,” “Glue”) Degrasadores y soluciones limpiadoras Otros productos |
METHYLENE CHLORIDE |
Puede causar cáncer. | |
TOLUENE | Daños al hígado, riñón en
altos niveles. Puede causar efectos de nacimiento. |
|
TRICHLOROETHYLENE | Daño al hígado. Puede causar cáncer. |
Efectos de Salud | CONTROLES PARA SOLVENTES |
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La mayoría de los solventes con
los que Ud. trabaja, incluyendo
acetona, TCE u otros
degrasadores, afectan su salud de
manera similar: Corto-plazo: La mayoría de los solventes orgánicos afectan su cerebro como lo hace el alcohol. La sobre exposición causa síntomas similares a la embriaguez, incluyendo dolores de cabeza, “feeling high,” nausea, mareos—y en niveles altos, perdida de la coordinación. Otros efectos a la salud a corto-plazo: irritación de los ojos, garganta y alergias en la piel. Largo-plazo: Exposición repetida o frecuente durante meses o años, causa daño duradero al sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y los nervios). |
Cuando sea posible, substituya los
materiales tóxicos con otros menos tóxicos.
Utilice ventilación para remover vapores. Use el respirador correcto (ver MSDS). Use ropa protectora apropiada, guantes correctos, anteojos protectores (“goggles”), cubre careta de plástico (“face shield”). No fumar. No tener llamas cerca. Los vapores se pueden acumular rápidamente y convertirse en extremadamente peligrosos en espacios confinados. Siga los procedimientos de OSHA para espacios confinados donde sea obligatorio. (Incluyendo el hacer una prueba de la atmósfera antes de entrar; ventilación mecánica del espacio; respiradores; otra persona presente por si se necesita hacer un rescate).Muchas fatalidades (muertes) ocurren en espacios confinados. |
OTROS QUÍMICOS | Origen | Efectos de Salud |
---|---|---|
EPOXY RESINS (RECINAS EPOXICAS) | Pintura impermeable, base para pisos de madera dura, pintura para superficies y adhesivos para paredes de concreto. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma. |
POLYURETHANES (ISOCYANATES) | Selladores de costura, insolación de polyurethane, capas protectoras para alambres eléctricos | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz y
garganta. Largo-plazo: Asma, otras enfermedades alérgicas de los pulmónes. Puede causar cáncer. Si los trabajadores desarrollan hipersensibilidad a estos químicos, podrían enfermarse seriamente a la menor exposición. |
COAL TAR PITCH | Techado (Roofing), reparación de caminos. | Corto-plazo: Irritación
de los ojos, nariz,
garganta y pulmónes.
Quemaduras,
irritaciones de la piel,
sensibilidad al sol
incrementada. Largo-plazo: Cáncer de los pulmónes, la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. |
CONTROLES PARA OTROS QUIMICOS | |
---|---|
EPOXY RESINS AND POLYURETHANES | Cuando sea posible, use productos de un solo componente
donde los químicos ya esten polymerizados Cuando se use el rociador (spraying), use el respirador correcto que cubra toda la cara (ver MSDS). Evite el contacto con la piel y los ojos. Use anteojos protectores (“goggles”), y guantes. Obtenga el entrenamiento adecuado. Nunca fume o use un llama abierta cerca de estos químicos que son peligrosamente propensos a causar fuego y explosiones. PELIGRO! Si lo puede oler, ¡sálga! |
COAL TAR PITCH | Cuando sea posible, substituya los químicos por otros
menos dañinos, tales como el “coal tar enamel.” Mantenga la temperatura de derretimiento tan baja como sea posible. Instale aparatos que reduzcan la exposición durante la carga. Mantenga las tapas de las calderas en buen estado y cerradas cuando sea posible. Moje los techos viejos antes y durante el pelado. Si el nivel de polvo es alto, use el respirador correcto. Utilice protección para los ojos. Protejase la piel, incluso en climas calidos. Lave las ropas de trabajo frecuentemente. Lavese antes de comer, fumar, beber e ir a casa. Si no hay jabón y agua, use un limpiador libre de agua y NO gasolina. |
CREANDO UN LUGAR DE TRABAJO MAS SEGURO
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“Pues si, uno lo hace por necesidad, por la familia, pero uno debe pensar en su salud — que mañana talvéz yo ya no voy a estar aquí.” |
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Cómo Hacer el Lugar de Trabajo Más Seguro
Hay diferentes maneras de reducir los peligros químicos en el trabajo.
Las mejores formas incluyen dejar de usar la mayoría de materiales
tóxicos, o diseñar el trabajo o el equipo de trabajo para que nadie se
exponga a los tóxicos.
USE QUIMICOS MAS SEGUROS.
Algunas veces usted puede usar
una substancia que es menos
tóxica. Por ejemplo,
muchos de los materiales
con los que usted
trabaja contienen
solventes. Solventes
de alcohol o agua son
generalmente más
seguros de usar que
los “hidrocarbonos
clorinados” (solventes que
contienen clorina) y los “hidrocarbonos aromáticos” (tales
como el “toluene” y el “xileno”). Asegúrese siempre que los
químicos que usted usará son en realidad menos peligrosos.
DISEÑANDO TAREAS Y EQUIPO DE TRABAJO QUE
PREVENGA LA EXPOSICION A LAS TOXINAS
Es mejor prevenir que el peligro llegue al trabajador que tener
que usar ropa o equipo protector. Por ejemplo, los tubos de
ventilación locales (un “extractor” que jala inmediatamente el
polvo o los vapores de soldadura de la fuente original) se
deshace de la substancia tóxica antes de que alguien pueda
respirarla.
HAGA CUMPLIR LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD.
Las reglas de trabajo y
los procedimientos
pueden ayudar a
reducir la exposición
a los tóxicos.
Por ejemplo,
manteniendo
limpio el lugar de
trabajo puede
reducir o limitar la
cantidad de polvos
tóxicos en el aire y ayudar
a reducir otros peligros de
seguridad. Los trabajadores nunca deberían de comer o
fumar en el área de trabajo. En California la ley que prohibe
fumar adentro de los lugares de trabajo ayuda a evitar que los
trabajadores sean expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
Algunos patrones y gobiernos locales también prohiben
fumar en las áreas exteriores del lugar de trabajo.
DELE A LOS TRABAJADORES EQUIPO PROTECOR SI
ES NECESARIO.
Anteojos, guantes, respiradores y otro equipo protector
personal pueden librarlo de las amenazas tóxicas en el trabajo,
pero generalmente no lo protegen completamente. Lo protejen
de las amenazas pero no las eliminan. Esa es la razón por la
cuál usted debe usar equipo protector solamente si no hay
otra forma de controlar el problema.
Lista de Chequeo: Controlando las Amenazas
en el Sitio de Construcción
Yes | No | |
---|---|---|
Es sencillo identificar todos los tóxicos existentes en su sitio de construcción? Por ejemplo, tiene cada substancia una etiqueta con su nombre, una lista de los riesgos que presenta y el nombre del fabricante? Están las MSDS’s (Hojas de Datos Sobre Seguridad de Materiales) disponibles para cada substancia? | ![]() |
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Es posible conseguir materiales menos tóxicos en vez de las substancias dañinas que se usan en el sitio? Por ejemplo, es posible usar madera que haya sido tratada con preservativos menos tóxicos? |
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Hay formas de desarrollar el trabajo que reduzcan la exposición a las substancias químicas? Por ejemplo, usan agua los trabajadores para evitar que se levante polvo? | ![]() |
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Cuando las tareas laborales generan polvo, vapores de soldadura, u otros vapores o residuos tóxicos, hay tubos de ventilación locales (“campana extractora” o hood) que los aleje de los rostros de los trabajadores? |
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Calcula el patrón los niveles de asbestos, vapores de soldadura, solventes u otras substancias peligrosas presentes en el aire? |
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Ha entrenado el patrón a todos en el sitio sobre cuando se debe usar el respirador, cómoseleccionar el que sea apropiado y cómo debe usarse correctamente? Ha sido cada respirador puesto a prueba por el patrón para asegurarse de que todos los respiradores pueden ser usados por los trabajadores? | ![]() |
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Hay reglas escritas sobre cuando se puede entrar a lugares cerrados? Les ofrece el patrón entrenamiento a los trabajadores para que se protejan en dichos lugares | ![]() |
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Se usan los productos que contienen solventes solamente en las áreas bien ventiladas, y lejos de las operaciones de soldadura? | ![]() |
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Saben los trabajadores que no deberían usar solventes para limpiarse las manos? | ![]() |
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Pueden los trabajadores ducharse y cambiarse de ropa antes de ir de vuelta a sus hogares, para que no se lleven los tóxicos con ellos? |
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Evita la gente fumar, comer o beber cerca de los materiales tóxicos? Se lavan las manos antes de comer, beber o fumar? |
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Están todas las herramientas y equipo en condición adecuada? | ![]() |
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Organiza el patrón reuniones regulares donde los trabajadores puedan recibir instrucción de seguridad? |
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Es el lugar de trabajo una zona “libre de humo” (“smoke-free”)? | ![]() |
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Use el Respirador Adecuado
Los respiradores pueden ser demasiado calientes y
poco confortables. Si usted no quiere usar uno, no lo
tiene que hacer. Tampoco son tan efectivos como otros
tipos de protección. Pero si no hay ninguna manera de
remover materiales dañinos del aire que usted respira
(por medio del uso de químicos más seguros, mejor ventilación y otros
controles), usted necesitará un ventilador para protegerse. Aquí hay
algunos lineamientos que lo ayudarán a decidir si usted tiene la
protección adecuada.
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“Sólo mis hermanos trabajan aquí. Es el negocio de mi papa. El nunca usa un respirador. Nunca usamos respiradores. Solamente esas pequeñas máscaras de papel. Nosotros asumimos que es protección suficiente. Mí papá ha trabajado toda la vida y está sano como un caballo. Pero yo tengo asma y el doctor dice que es por los vapores. Nosotros deberíamos de ponerle más atención a los MSDS’s.” |
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“Básicamente, usted viene a trabajar – no ha morirse, o a ser herido. Yo perdí un año y medio de trabajo porque mí supervisor era estúpido. Yo seguía sus instrucciones en vez de seguir mi sentido común. Durante el tiempo que no estuve trabajando, perdí mi matrimonio, mi casa y mucho más que mi salario. Cuando usted pierde el trabajo también pierde su dignidad, pierde dinero, lo pierde todo.” |
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“Algunas de las personas con las que he trabajado solamente te dan los químicos y no te dicen nada sobre los mismos. Ellos no dicen: ‘Esta cosa te va a hacer daño.’ Ellos solamente dicen: ‘Este es tu turno, trabaja.’ O sea, si uno no toma la iniciativa de leer qué hay en la lata, o hacer preguntas, uno no sabrá a lo que se está metiendo.” |
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“Nosotros pensamos que necesitábamos ventilación porque trabajábamos con MEK. Encontramos las MSDS en línea (online). Entonces nosotros y nuestro guía hablamos con el patrón. El patrón no quería, pero al final se puso de acuerdo para hablar con el Servicio de Consulta de Cal/OSHA sobre lo que necesitábamos.” |
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Información y capacitación sobre químicos y otros peligros
para la salud en el lugar de trabajo
Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), University of
California, Berkeley: Capacita trabajadores, sindicatos, profesionales
y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos. Un
catalogo gratuito está disponible. Una biblioteca gratuita está abierta
al público. Ofrece asistencia en desperdicios peligrosos, químicos,
ergonómicos, trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
2223 Fulton Street, 4th Floor
Berkeley, CA 94720-5120
(510) 642-5507 www.lohp.org
Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y Laboral,
Universidad de California, Los Angeles: Capacita trabajadores,
sindicatos y otros en salud y seguridad. Vende publicaciones y videos.
Tiene una biblioteca de recursos en español. Ofrece asistencia e
información sobre desperdicios dañinos, químicos, ergonómicos,
trabajadores jóvenes, etc.
6350B Public Policy Building
PO Box 951478
Los Angeles, CA 90095-11478
(310) 794-5964 http://losh.ucla.edu/
HESIS (Servicio de Sistemas de Evaluación e Información de
Riesgos): Un programa del Departamento de Servicios de Salud de
California. Tiene una biblioteca gratuita. Produce hojas de datos
sobre químicos y “Alertas de Peligro” relacionadas con nuevas
amenazas. Ofrece capacitación, educación y asistencia técnica en el
lugar de trabajo para los trabajadores, profesionales de salud, etc.
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901
Oakland, CA 946112
(510) 622-4317 (Inglés) • (510) 622-4318 (Español)
(510) 622-4328 (publicaciones) • (510) 622-4310 (fax)
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/HESIS/Pages/HESIS.aspx
Conferencia Americana de Higienistas Industriales
Gubernamentales (ACGIH): Publica la información técnica de salud
y seguridad, incluyendo al “Manual de Ventilación Interior,” la
información sobre “valores de límites superiores” (los límites de
exposición no-dañina) para cientos de químicos peligrosos, y muchas
otras publicaciones. Pida un catálogo.
11330 Kemer Meadow Drive, Suite #600
Cincinnati, Ohio 45240
Teléfono: (513) 742-2020 • www.acgih.org
Centro de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de Santa Clara
(SCCOSH)
760 North First Street, 2nd Floor
San Jose, CA 951122
(408) 998-4050 Email: SCCOSH@igc.org
WorkSafe!
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin Street #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
(510) 302-1071 •https://worksafe.org/
Información sobre las leyes de salud y seguridad en el trabajo
División de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de California
(Cal/OSHA): Implementa las regulaciones de salud y seguridad en el
trabajo. Ofrece publicaciones gratuitas y algunos videos. Un Servicio
de Consulta ayuda a los patrones. Los éstandards de seguridad están
en línea.
En todo el estado: (800) 953-9424
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
Código Laboral de California en Línea: El sitio de “web” que
incluye el texto completo de todas las leyes en California, incluyendo
al Código Laboral.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/OHB/Pages/SpanishLinks.aspx
Comisionado Laboral Estatal (State Labor Commissioner) de la
División de Aplicación de Estándards, Departamento de
Relaciones Industriales: Ofrece información sobre derechos de
empleo, despidos y discriminación ilegales. Recibe las quejas de los
trabajadores sobre la discriminación en las actividades de salud y
seguridad, y las investiga. Hay varias oficinas a través del estado.
Confirme los números de teléfono locales en su guía telefónica.
Busque en las páginas del Gobierno Estatal en la sección “California,
State of, Industrial Relations Department, Labor Standards
Enforcement.”
Departamento de Relaciones Industriales de California,
División de “Workers’Compensation,” Unidad de Información
y Asistencia: Ofrece información sobre los beneficios y el cuidado
médico para las enfermedades o heridas en el lugar de trabajo.
(800) 736–7401
Otras referencias legales: La mayoría de las ciudades o condados
tienen Asociaciones de Ayuda Legal (Legal Aid Societies) y Barras de
Abogados. Busque en su guía telefónica para encontrar los listados
locales.
Organizaciones Laborales
Consejo Estatal de los Oficios de la Construcción de California:Tiene materiales impresos y en línea sobre la legislación de seguridad
en la construcción. Patrocina sesiones de capacitación en salud y
seguridad. Promueve políticas relacionadas con salud y seguridad en
las ocupaciones de construcción.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 443-3302
• www.sbctc.org • email: sbctc@sbctc.org
Locales Específicos de Ocupaciones de Construcción: Cada
ciudad y cada condado tiene un número de sindicatos locales para los
trabajadores de la construcción, tales como trabajadores del acero,técnicos de electricidad, plomeros, techeros e impermeabilizadores,
etc. Confirme en las Páginas Amarillas en la sección “Labor
Organizations” para conseguir los números en su área.
Centro para Proteger los Derechos de los Trabajadores (CPRW):El Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo del Departamento de las
Actividades de las Construcción (Building and Construction Trades
Department), AFL-CIO. Hace alertas de peligro en español e inglés y
publica otros materiales sobre la seguridad en línea.
www.cpwr.com
Información sobre fumar y la salud
Built (Los Sindicatos en las Ocupaciones de la Construcción
Queman Menos Tabaco):Un programa educacional en el Consejo Estatal de Ocupaciones de la
Construcción de California. Educa y da ayuda a los miembros de los
sindicatos por medio de los sindicatos locales, los fondos de salud y
bienestar social comunitarios, los comités de aprendizaje conjunto y
los comités de trabajadores-gerencia locales. BUILT también ofrece a
los presentadores en las reuniones de los comités de capacitación de
aprendizaje información sobre los efectos en la salud del tabaco de
segunda mano y las leyes del “smoke” en el sitio de trabajo.
1225 Eight Street, Suite 375
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 442-8368 • email: built@sbctc.org
Línea de Ayuda para los Fumadores de California: Este programa
ofrece consejería telefónica gratuita y confidencial para ayudarle a
dejar de fumar o masticar tabaco.
(800) 662-8887 (English)
(800) 456-6386 (Spanish)
(800) 400-9866 (Mandarin and Cantonese)
(800) 778-8440 (Vietnamese)
(800) 556-5564 (Korean)
(800) 933-4833 (TDD/TTY)
(800) 844-2439 (Chewing Tobacco)
Su departamento de salud pública: Consulte la sección del
Gobierno del Condado (County Government) en la sección respectiva
de la guía telefónica.
Recursos electrónicos sobre la construcción
La Biblioteca Electrónica de Salud y Seguridad en la
Construcción (eL-COSH): Colección extensa sobre las hojas de
información disponibles en línea. Incluye materiales de capacitación
y seguimiento, y materiales y herramientas de entrenamiento.
Algunos materiales están disponibles en español e italiano.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/elcosh/elcoshom.html
Archivo de Datos de Seguridad de Materiales: Información
sobre químicos específicos.
http://www.bsad.uvm.edu/Research/inProgress/Resources/HRMGuide/Employee/Safety/ChemData.htm
NYSafety.org: Tiene una lista de hojas de datos y artículos, la
mayoría disponibles en línea. Cambie la casilla sobre ocupaciones a la
de “Construcción” Esto le permitirá acceso a información adecuada.
www.nysafety.org
WorkSafe para la Junta de Compensación de la Columbia
Británica, Canadá: Tiene hojas ergonómicas para la construcción.
www.worksafebc.com/pubs/brochures/ci/default.asp
Fuentes sobre el Tabaco en el Internet
Médicos para una Canadá Libre de Humo: Tienen información
sobre lo que es el tabaco y sus efectos. Usted puede encontrar
información más específica cuando inhala y usa cigarrillos.
www.smoke-free.ca
Centro para el Control de la Información Sobre las
Enfermedades del Tabaco: Este es un sitio oficial que reproduce los
Reportes del Médico General (Surgeon General). Hace muchas
investigaciones y mucho más.
www.cdc.gov/tobacco
Centro de Información y Noticias sobre el el Control del
Tabaco: Tiene un buen mecanismo de investigación.
www.tobaccoweek.com
El sitio de la VERDAD: Un sitio interactivo de alta tecnología.
www.thetruth.com
Esta Gúia es parte del curriculum educativo
de salud y seguridad preparado por
BUILDING TRADES UNIONS IGNITE LESS TOBACCO
Un proyecto del State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
y del Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California, Berkeley
Basado en el WHATEP curriculum,
producido por el Workplace Hazard and Tobacco Education Project,
financiado por el California Department of Health Services
and comprised of the Labor Occupational Health Program,
y basado en materiales desarrollados por el Labor Occupational Health Program,
American Lung Association of San Francisco
y la California Public Health Foundation
EQUIPO DE DESARROLO DEL PROYECTO
ROBIN BAKER
DEBRA CHAPLAN
WAYNE A . HAGEN
CATHY LEONARD
CAROL WINSTEAD
Editor:
GENE DARLING
Diseño:
BARBARA NISHI
Traducción:
EDGAR AYALA
Para más información,
llamar a BUILT: 916-442-8368
Este proyecto fue posible gracias a los fondos recibidos de la Proposición 99,
The Tobacco Tax Initiative, bajo Subvención Número 99-85070
Producido por el State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
en coordinación con el Labor Occupational Health Program,
University of California at Berkeley.
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